Bill 1: Québec Constitution Act, 2025

This bill primarily affects public institutions, government bodies, and regulated industries rather than typical private businesses directly. However, businesses in sectors subject to heavy provincial oversight — such as financial services, construction, real estate, and professional services operating in Québec — will feel indirect effects through changes to how Québec asserts its jurisdiction against federal rules and standards. Real estate transactions involving the potential sale of Québec-based immovables to federal institutions now trigger new notice and pre-emption requirements, meaning property owners and commercial real estate brokers will face new procedural obligations before completing certain sales. Organizations that receive Québec public funding — including professional orders, universities, colleges, and many regulated bodies — are now prohibited from using those funds to legally challenge designated Québec laws, which affects how those entities can respond to compliance conflicts. Businesses dealing with intergovernmental matters or operating across federal-provincial regulatory lines, such as securities dealers or labour relations parties, will need to track how Québec's assertive autonomy directives may affect federal-provincial agreements and regulatory alignment.